Balai Besar (Grand Audience Hall)
Initially the function of the building was as the Balai Rong Seri or Balai Penghadapan (audience hall), that was situated at the back area of the Kota Setar Palace complex (Istana Kota Setar). The original building was built in 1735 by HRH Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Muazzam Shah, the 19th Sultan of Kedah). The pillars, roofs and floors were made of wood.
This building was destroyed due to attacks by the Bugis armada (1770) and Siamese (1821). During the reign of HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah, the 26th Sultan of Kedah), this building was refurbished (1896) spearheaded by Muhammad bin Lebai Tambi, an architect with the Public Works Department of Kedah State for the wedding ceremony of His Royal Highness's five princes and princesses (1904).Besides the wedding ceremony, the Balai Besar was used for installation ceremonies, official ceremonies, State Council Conferences since 1905 until 1973.
Two Kedah Sultans were officially installed at the Balai Besar: HRH Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II, the 22nd Sultan of Kedah) in 1805 and HRH Sultan Abdul Halim on 20 February, 1959.
The design of the Balai Besar is of the characteristics of a Malay house with lengthy roof. On the left and right sections of the Balai Besar are the verandahs. The verandah at the right side of the throne was the area for the Ministers' children, warriors and official officers' children as well as the good citizens. The left verandah was the area for the religious men, merchants and the good citizens. The centre area of the balai (hall) was the place for "the children of the palace", those who held the royal regalia together with the ministers and main government officers in accordance to individual status right up to the ordinary people.
The pillars and cross-beams were made of the highest quality of cengal wood from the state of Kedah. The roofs were made of rumbia (a type of palm-tree). Two large staircases were built in front of the Balai Besar, left and right ascending to the grand hall, rumah tangga, right verandah, left verandah as well as the pavilion, the throne and the Balai Siak located at the utmost back section of the building.
Balai Nobat
Balai Nobat
This 18 metre-tall and 5 metre-wide three-tiered octagonal tower sole purpose is to keep all the royal musical instruments including the serunai (wooden flute), nafiri, gendang (drum) and gong, which is known as nobat. This nine-piece musical set is composed of three drums, a gong, two flutes, two instruments called the cheng-cheng, and a trumpet-like instrument called the Nafiri, which produces the haunting strains of nobat music. The skills to play nobat music and these instruments are passed down from father to son, and the person who is incharged to play these instruments called Orang Nobat. Nobat are played for specific ceremonies such as royal installations, deaths and other official ceremonies. It is believed that the Nobat originated from the Hindustani culture centuries ago when one of the brothers of the then ruling Sultan made a visit there.
Upon the official opening of the Alor Setar town in 1735 by HRH Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Muazzam Shah, the 19th Sultan of Kedah), a number of early buildings had been completed including the Kota Setar Palace, the Balai Besar, the Balai Nobat and the State Mosque. The original design of the Balai Nobat could not be ascertained but certainly it was built using wood.
During the reign of HRH Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah, the 25th Sultan of Kedah), the new Balai Nobat consisting of five-story building was built. The building was totally built of wood with zinc roofing. During the reign of the HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah, the 26th Sultan of Kedah), a new building was built using concrete and metal. The architecture is the same as the previous wooden building. The height was three-story and the dome at its apex represents the Islamic element such as those found on mosques. This new building was built in 1906.
Right now, there are only a handful of these orchestras left in the country. This tower, however is closed to public. In order to view the nobat, visitors must obtain permission from the State Secretariat first.
Kedah State Art Gallery
Balai Seni Negeri (State Art Gallery)
The Kedah State Art Gallery was set up with the objective of fostering interest in and an appreciation of art in the state. Its collection includes paintings, photographs, musical instruments and handicrafts. Temporary exhibitions are held at regular intervals.
This building was the earliest modern government office that was built in the town of Alor Setar. Its construction was spearheaded by Muhammad bin Lebai Tambi, an architect from the Kedah State Public Works Department. The construction of the building began on 21 January 1893, and he was also responsible for the restoration of the Balai Besar building.
This modern building with eastern and western architectural elements was initially the High Court and was officially opened by Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah. This building was closed to make way for the special entertainment hall for very important people during the wedding ceremony of His Royal Highness's five princes and princesses which lasted for three months (June until September 1904).
In 1912, a number of offices were located here such as the office of the His Royal Highness's Sultan, the treasury and audit office and the British Adviser. In 1914, most of these offices were relocated to the Wan Muhammad Saman building. The building was later occupied by the Public Works Department and the Department of Drainage and Irrigation. In conjunction with the celebration of the Silver Jubilee of the reign of HRH Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah, this building was converted to the Balai Seni Negeri (State Art Gallery) which was officiated by His Royal Highness on 25 July 1983.
Kota Kuala Kedah (Kuala Kedah Fort)
Kota Kuala Kedah is the remains of a fort, which for centuries protected the Kuala Kedah Kingdom from naval attacks, on the bank of the Sungai Kedah (Kedah River).
Also known as Kota Kuala Bahang, the fort was originally constructed to provide protection against the Portuguese invaders. However, the fort had to stand againse attacks from the Achenese from Sumatra and the Bugis as well. The fort was rebuilt in 1771 and was completed nine years later.
The fort’s plans was drawn by Sheikh Abd Jalil and includes a moat surrounding the fort and a double brick wall standing 1.8m apart, with the middle space fortified with packed earth. Within the fort, there is a number of buildings including a royal audience hall. The entire fort area was built on an area of about five acres.
It was reported that the stonemasons were specially brought in from India to rebuild the fort and durable British cannons were installed, notably named the Badak Berendam (the Wallowing Rhinocerous) and the Katak Puru (the Toad) cannons. But in 1821, the fort was attacked and conquered by the Thais nevertheless.
Today, Kota Kuala Kedah is popular for the variety of seafood served by the numerous restaurants in the fishing village. While enjoying the food, one will be able to see six cannons still resting on the crumbling walls, facing the river estuary.
Muzium Negeri (State Museum)
As a state museum, it houses a large collection of Kedah's historical, culture, and royal heritages. The collection includes early Chinese porcelain, artefacts from the archaeological excavations in Lembah Bujang (Bujang Valley) and a fabulous pokok bunga emas or 'gold tree' produced as a tribute to the Thais.
The museum is also a research centre on Kedah's civilisation. Before the present premise was built in 1936, the museum - officially opened by the then Kedah Mentri Besar Tan Sri Tunku Ismail Tunku Yahya (Tunku indera Setia), on February 3, 1957 - was located in the Balai Besar (Grand Hall).
Muzium Padi (Paddy Museum)
It is the first paddy museum in Malaysia, and the fourth to be opened in the world after Japan, Germany and the Philippines.
The unique architecture of the Paddy Museum represents bushels of harvested rice stalks. Rice motifs are repeated throughout the building, on staircase banisters, the museum gates and the fence surrounding it.
The museum showcases the paddy cultivation process in Malaysia and displays all kinds of tools and equipment which have been used in the trade over the years. Through beautiful murals, the art work of 60 artists from North Korea, the history of paddy cultivation in Malaysia is revealed.
It honours the history, culture and significance of paddy farming in Kedah and is dedicated to the hardworking and simple paddy farmers, whose blood, sweat and toil have contributed to the objective of achieving self sufficiency in the rice industry.
Galeria Sultan Abdul Halim
It is former of Alor Setar High Court which transfer to Kompleks Mahkamah Alor Setar in Suka Menanti.This building is located at the junction of the Jalan Putera, adjacent to the Balai Nobat. Initially, this building was the place for the existing Balai Seni.
This building was built on Rabiulawal 1341 Hijrah equivalent to November 1922. Names of those who were responsible for the construction of the building were: HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah (Regent), W. Peel Esq (British Adviser), Major W.R. Sanguinetti, O.B.E.M.C (State Engineer), F.W. Wade Esq. A.I.R.B. (Architect) and H.W. Fofden Esq (Contractor).
Looking at the architectural design it clearly shows that this building has more characteristics of Roman architectural. This can be seen by the design of the columns that are close to one another without regard of spaces for whatever purposes. Various types of carvings are found on the walls. At the top area close to the roof was placed the crest of the State of Kedah.
Street
Pekan Rabu (Wednesday Market)
Main article: Pekan Rabu
Pekan Rabu is located near the government offices in Alor Setar. Although the name literally means “Wednesday Market”, this bustling market is open all week long, thanks to popular demand. Its services extend from morning till night, and you can find many stalls here selling a variety of items from delicious tidbits to beautiful handicraft.
This is a popular spot amongst tourists and locals and is a source of pride for Kedahans. Even former Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Bin Mohamad was once a trader at Pekan Rabu.
Costing a sum of RM3.2mil to build back in 1975, the Pekan Rabu Complex was refurbished in 1995 at a cost of RM6.5mil. A further RM2mil was spent on renovations for phase 2 in 1990. Altogether, there are 347 stalls and the complex has become an important landmark in Kedah.
Muzium Diraja Kedah (Royal Kedah Museum)
This building which originated from the Kota Setar Palace is a wooden building that was built by HRH Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Muazzam Shah, the 19th Sultan of Kedah), who was the founder of Alor Setar town in 1735. This building had undergone demolitions several times due to attacks by the Bugis (1770) and Siamese (1821).
The concrete building was completed during the reign of HRH Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah). His Royal Highness had once stayed in this palace with his queen, Wan Hajar Wan Ismail who was also known as "Mak Wan Besar". Therefore, this palace is also known as the "Mak Wan Besar Palace".
YTM Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra was also born adjacent to this palace (the Pagoda building, which no longer exist today) on 8 February 1903 and once grew up in this palace while his father the late HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid and his mother Mak Che Manjalara resided there.
This palace is also renowned as the "Pelamin Palace" when the space of the palace was extended to as a pavilion and additional rooms when HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah wanted to marry off his five princes and princesses. This grand wedding ceremony lasted for three months in 1904. After 1941, this palace was used as a school and an office for several organizations including the office for the St. John Ambulance and the Scout movements. On 25 July 1983, this palace was declared the "Kedah Royal Museum".
Menara Alor Setar, the start-of-art communication tower
Menara Alor Setar (Alor Setar Tower)
Main article: Menara Alor Setar
Located in the heart of Alor Setar, this tower, standing at 165.5 metres tall is a prominent and modern landmark that signifies the rapid development in the state of Kedah. It functions as both a telecommunications tower and a tourist attraction. The Tower's platform allows visitors to enjoy a breathtaking view, that stretches from Gunung Jerai (formerly known as Kedah Peak) to the Strait of Malacca. From the tower, you will see vast expanses of paddy fields which lies outside of Alor Setar - an amazing view especially during harvest time. It's the second tallest tower in Malaysia and ranked 19th in world.
Wan Mat Saman Canal
Main article: Wan Mat Saman Aqueduct
Wan Mat Saman Aqueduct is the longest aqueduct in Malaysia. It connects Kedah River in Alor Setar to Gurun at the south. This aqueduct was made so that farmers can enables Kedah to boost its rice production and through it, enables Kedah to earn the nick "Malaysia's rice bowl"
Mahathir's Birthplace
Rumah Kelahiran Mahathir which provides an insight into the younger days of the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia, from his school days to his success as a doctor. He was born in Alor Star on Dec 20, 1925 at No 18 Lorong Kilang Ais, off Jalan Pegawai. His home has seen been designated a historical building and was restored by the National Archives in 1992.
Rumah Merdeka (Tunku Abdul Rahman Memorial)
Tunku Abdul Rahman was the first Prime Minister of Malaysia. This house view Tunku's collection and memorial.Now it was restored and owned by National Archives as a historical building
Kedah Royal Mausoleum
Main article: Kedah royal mausoleum
The Kedah royal mausoleum is located in Langgar near the city.
Map of Alor Setar City
Gunung Keriang
Gunung Keriang is a limestone outcrop in the middle of flatland of paddy fields in Alor Setar. It just seem to come out of nowhere with no surrounding hills or other formations. Just 10 minutes drive from downtown Alor Setar.
It is very accessible and part of the hill area have been developed as a recreation area whereby juggle tracking and camping are the most famous activities of its visitors. You can practically drive right to the foot of some climbing routes. Cave explorers would find Gunung Keriang an added adventure that is worth an experience.
Istana Anak Bukit (Anak Bukit Palace)
Istana Anak Bukit main entrance
Istana Anak Bukit also is a birthplace and a resident of Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah, the Sultan of Kedah. Istana Anak Bukit which is Sultan's royal palace also located here, behind the royal palace there is a one stream river which is called Sungai Anak Bukit and it flows through Alor Setar connected by Sungai Kedah (Kedah River) until to the estuary of Kuala Kedah.
Places of Worship
[edit] Wat Nikrodharam
The most imposing and significant Buddhist shrine in the city. It is located at Jalan Teluk Wan Jah, just next to the city's primary roundabout. Its architecture reflects strong Thai elements with minor Chinese motifs. It is also a sanctuary and an oasis in the city centre with trees and shades providing spiritual shelter to Buddhists from the city and abroad. Both Theravada and Mahayana Buddhist traditions are cherished here.
Masjid Zahir (Zahir State Mosque)
This mosque was built in 1912, a contributory effort of YTM Tunku Mahmud Ibni Almarhum Sultan Tajuddin Mukarram Shah. The site of this mosque before it was built was the cemetery of the Kedah warriors who had died while defending Kedah from Siamese (1821). The architecture of the mosque was inspired by the Azizi Mosque in Langkat town, north Sumatera. This mosque is enhanced with five prime large domes symbolizing the five Islamic principles.Its official launching ceremony was held on Friday, 15 October 1915 by the late HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah. Tunku Mahmud read the Friday sermon while HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah led the Friday prayer. At the back of the Zahir Mosque, is the Syariah Court building complex and the Centre for Basic Education for Children.
The Zahir Mosque occupies a site of approximately 124,412 square feet (11,558.3 m2). Its center hall (Prayer Hall) measures 62 x 62 square feet (5.8 m2) and surrounded by verandahs of 8 feet (2.4 m) wide with 4 mezzanine areas of each has a dome. The main dome is located at the north-east of the mosque building. It is one of the grandest and oldest mosques in Malaysia.
St. Michael's Church
The Roman Catholic Christian community can attend mass at churches such as St. Michael which is located at Jalan Langgar near Kolej Sultan Abdul Hamid.
There is also a Sikh Gurdwara also located in Jalan Langgar.
Demographics
Kedahan Malay made up the majority in Alor Setar, followed by Chinese, India, and Thai. Other Malays include Pattani Malays.
Educations
The Kolej Universiti Insaniah Malaysia (KUIN, formerly known as Kolej Insaniah or INSANIAH) is located nearby the state capital. The campus area occupies an entire section of the city known as Mergong.
Al-bukhary International University (UAA) will be the newest private institution of higher learning in this city and located in the Albukhary Mosque complex.
Other institutions of higher learning in Alor Setar include Kolej Poly-Tech MARA Alor Setar also locate in Mergong which owned by Majlis Amanah Rakyat or MARA.Alor Setar is served by many primary and secondary schools.Kolej Tentera Udara (Royal Air Force College) also located in Kepala Batas, Alor Setar.
KANGAR Kangar is the capital of Perlis and the seat of government. It is located in the heart of the country's "rice bowl" area and depending on the season, is surrounded by lush green fields or golden yellow paddy, ripe for harvest. Although new buildings can be seen, Kangar retains much of its old world charm.
A small town, with everything within walking distance, Kangar is not lacking in amenities and facilities. The major landmark of the town is the state mosque, Masjid Alwi.
ARAU The royal town of Arau is located 10 kilometers from Kangar on the Peninsula's main railway route extending northwards into Thailand. Of interest here is the imposing Istana Arau or Royal Palace with its classic architecture and the Royal Mosque.
Arau is the disembarkation point for visitors travelling on the rail route from Kuala Lumpur to Langkawi. From Arau, taxi services are available to Kuala Perils, the take-off point by ferry to Langkawi.
HUTAN LIPUR BUKIT AIR (BUKIT AIR RECREATIONAL PARK) Just a few kilometers north of the Golf Club and the Snake and Reptile Farm is the Bukit Air Recreational Park. Cool streams meander through rich tropical forest and waterfalls cascade into rocky pools. Well defined paths allow easy access through the park where the sights and sounds of tropical rainforest await visitors. An excellent location for picnics, the park also provides a camping ground, car parking facilities and all the basic amenities.
MUSEUM KOTA KAYANG This new museum is situated close to what was historically a fortified area. In fact, the word 'Kota' translates as fort in English. The area is also the burial ground for two 16th century Sultans of Kedah with the remains of a palace surrounded on three sides by limestone outcrops.
The site is marked by two simple mausoleums with gravestones and the remnants of timbers that demarcated the burial sites.
While excavation works were going on during the ground works for the new museum, artifacts from what appear to be the late Neolithic era were found. A bell-mouthed jar of red slip ware, cord marked style, signifying the Ban Kao Neolithic culture of southern Thailand and Malaya was found fairly intact. A similar splayed foot beaker and two excellent polished stone adzes all corresponding to other similar finds in northern Malaya probably date to around 2,000 to 2,500 years in age.
Also found at the same site is what appears to be a die or mould of Indian origin. Other artifacts of Indian origin have been found in the northern regions, especially pottery, and dates back to 2,600 to 2,200 years, corresponding with the finds of the museum site.
KUALA PERLISLocated at the mouth of the Perlis River, the town of Kuala Perlis is the major ferry terminal for visitors departing for the enchanted isles of Langkawi. Themajor activity of Kuala Perlis is fishing and many superb sea food restaurants can be found in this small fishing town.
PADANG BESAR Padang Besar is a bustling border town with a profusion of colours, sights and sounds. It is also a major stopover along the rail route between Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand.
The elongated railway station is manned by Malaysian officials at one end and their Thai counterparts at the other end.
Padang Besar is a bargain hunters' paradise and boasts duty free shops and a variety of produce, souvenirs and artifacts that bear testimony to the rich cultural legacy of the state.
CHUPING The town acquired its name from a limestone hill known locally as Bukit Chuping. The surrounding landscape is characterised by lush green sugar cane plantations covering some 22,000 hectares.
TASIK MELATI (MELATI LAKE) Located just 8 km north of Kangar, this shallow lake provides a respite for boating, picnics and relaxing walks. More than 150 sandbar islands dot the lake and can be reached by rowing boat or sampan. Elevated walkways across the lake provide vantage and rest points.
THE SNAKE AND REPTILE FARM Surrounded by the Bukit Bintang Forest Reserve near Sungai Batu Pahat, 10 kilometers north of Kangar, is the Snake and Reptile Farm. The Snake Farm is a research facility set up to develop serums for snakebites. Housing more than 20 species of snakes as well as crocodiles and monitor lizards, it is the only snake farm in Malaysia. The farm has natural open air enclosures as well as closed exhibits. Handlers will assist the public to take photographs with safe snakes.
PUTRA GOLF CLUB Close to the Snake and Reptile Farm is a challenging par 72, 18-hole golf course. The Putra Golf Club is reputed for its technically difficult and challenging course.
GUA KELAM RECREATIONAL PARK The peaceful town of Kaki Bukit is home to Gua Kelam, literally translated as the 'Dark Caves'. The 370- meter long cave passage is well-lighted and is believed to have been hollowed out from the limestone massif by an underground stream over many eons. A wooden walkway suspended along the entire length of the cave allows visitors to view the magnificent stalagmite and stalagmite formations. The original cave was enlarged in 1935 by a resident Englishman to serve as a route for the transportation of tin ore. It is now a convenient way for local folk travelling on motor cycles to get from Kaki Bukit to the Wan Tangga Valley and vice versa.
TAMAN HERBA (HERB GARDENS) Adjacent to Bukit Air Recreational Park, on 12 hectares of land, are the Herb Gardens. Created in 1998, these gardens now contain over 6,000 species of herb, spice and traditional medicinal plants. Both local and exotic species from other countries are grown and visitors to the gardens can learn their uses and how to care for such plants.
PERLIS STATE PARK Perlis State Park is located along the north-western part of the Thai-Malaysian border. Straddling the Nakawan Range, the longest continuous range of limestone hills in the country, the park consists of the Mata Ayer Forest Reserve and the Wang Mu Forest Reserve comprising a total area of around 5,000 hectares.
The Nakawan Range has rich heavily forested slopes, extensive cave systems, sheer cliff faces and numerous cascading jungle streams.
There is a rich bio-diversity in these limestone based forests with rare species of ginger, ferns and balsams that are found nowhere else. It is also the only place in Malaysia where the Stumped-Tail Macaque is found.
All visitors to the park must register at the Park Visitor Centre. The centre houses an exhibition on the park and audio visual facilities. Those who wish to visit the Wang Burma Cave and Gunung Perlis can book their guides at the centre. Park accommodation facilities are based at Wang Burma, about 1.2 km from the visitor centre.
Various nature trails have been laid out to provide easy access and trail R-15 to Wang Kelian offers a commanding view of the surrounding countryside, including Timah Tasoh Lake and the unique twin peaks of Bukit Chabang.
Wang Kelian houses a popular Sunday market where visitors can cross the Thai-Malaysian border without the use of passports, provided they remain within the market area.
Initially the function of the building was as the Balai Rong Seri or Balai Penghadapan (audience hall), that was situated at the back area of the Kota Setar Palace complex (Istana Kota Setar). The original building was built in 1735 by HRH Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Muazzam Shah, the 19th Sultan of Kedah). The pillars, roofs and floors were made of wood.
This building was destroyed due to attacks by the Bugis armada (1770) and Siamese (1821). During the reign of HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah, the 26th Sultan of Kedah), this building was refurbished (1896) spearheaded by Muhammad bin Lebai Tambi, an architect with the Public Works Department of Kedah State for the wedding ceremony of His Royal Highness's five princes and princesses (1904).Besides the wedding ceremony, the Balai Besar was used for installation ceremonies, official ceremonies, State Council Conferences since 1905 until 1973.
Two Kedah Sultans were officially installed at the Balai Besar: HRH Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II, the 22nd Sultan of Kedah) in 1805 and HRH Sultan Abdul Halim on 20 February, 1959.
The design of the Balai Besar is of the characteristics of a Malay house with lengthy roof. On the left and right sections of the Balai Besar are the verandahs. The verandah at the right side of the throne was the area for the Ministers' children, warriors and official officers' children as well as the good citizens. The left verandah was the area for the religious men, merchants and the good citizens. The centre area of the balai (hall) was the place for "the children of the palace", those who held the royal regalia together with the ministers and main government officers in accordance to individual status right up to the ordinary people.
The pillars and cross-beams were made of the highest quality of cengal wood from the state of Kedah. The roofs were made of rumbia (a type of palm-tree). Two large staircases were built in front of the Balai Besar, left and right ascending to the grand hall, rumah tangga, right verandah, left verandah as well as the pavilion, the throne and the Balai Siak located at the utmost back section of the building.
Balai Nobat
Balai Nobat
This 18 metre-tall and 5 metre-wide three-tiered octagonal tower sole purpose is to keep all the royal musical instruments including the serunai (wooden flute), nafiri, gendang (drum) and gong, which is known as nobat. This nine-piece musical set is composed of three drums, a gong, two flutes, two instruments called the cheng-cheng, and a trumpet-like instrument called the Nafiri, which produces the haunting strains of nobat music. The skills to play nobat music and these instruments are passed down from father to son, and the person who is incharged to play these instruments called Orang Nobat. Nobat are played for specific ceremonies such as royal installations, deaths and other official ceremonies. It is believed that the Nobat originated from the Hindustani culture centuries ago when one of the brothers of the then ruling Sultan made a visit there.
Upon the official opening of the Alor Setar town in 1735 by HRH Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Muazzam Shah, the 19th Sultan of Kedah), a number of early buildings had been completed including the Kota Setar Palace, the Balai Besar, the Balai Nobat and the State Mosque. The original design of the Balai Nobat could not be ascertained but certainly it was built using wood.
During the reign of HRH Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah, the 25th Sultan of Kedah), the new Balai Nobat consisting of five-story building was built. The building was totally built of wood with zinc roofing. During the reign of the HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah, the 26th Sultan of Kedah), a new building was built using concrete and metal. The architecture is the same as the previous wooden building. The height was three-story and the dome at its apex represents the Islamic element such as those found on mosques. This new building was built in 1906.
Right now, there are only a handful of these orchestras left in the country. This tower, however is closed to public. In order to view the nobat, visitors must obtain permission from the State Secretariat first.
Kedah State Art Gallery
Balai Seni Negeri (State Art Gallery)
The Kedah State Art Gallery was set up with the objective of fostering interest in and an appreciation of art in the state. Its collection includes paintings, photographs, musical instruments and handicrafts. Temporary exhibitions are held at regular intervals.
This building was the earliest modern government office that was built in the town of Alor Setar. Its construction was spearheaded by Muhammad bin Lebai Tambi, an architect from the Kedah State Public Works Department. The construction of the building began on 21 January 1893, and he was also responsible for the restoration of the Balai Besar building.
This modern building with eastern and western architectural elements was initially the High Court and was officially opened by Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah. This building was closed to make way for the special entertainment hall for very important people during the wedding ceremony of His Royal Highness's five princes and princesses which lasted for three months (June until September 1904).
In 1912, a number of offices were located here such as the office of the His Royal Highness's Sultan, the treasury and audit office and the British Adviser. In 1914, most of these offices were relocated to the Wan Muhammad Saman building. The building was later occupied by the Public Works Department and the Department of Drainage and Irrigation. In conjunction with the celebration of the Silver Jubilee of the reign of HRH Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah, this building was converted to the Balai Seni Negeri (State Art Gallery) which was officiated by His Royal Highness on 25 July 1983.
Kota Kuala Kedah (Kuala Kedah Fort)
Kota Kuala Kedah is the remains of a fort, which for centuries protected the Kuala Kedah Kingdom from naval attacks, on the bank of the Sungai Kedah (Kedah River).
Also known as Kota Kuala Bahang, the fort was originally constructed to provide protection against the Portuguese invaders. However, the fort had to stand againse attacks from the Achenese from Sumatra and the Bugis as well. The fort was rebuilt in 1771 and was completed nine years later.
The fort’s plans was drawn by Sheikh Abd Jalil and includes a moat surrounding the fort and a double brick wall standing 1.8m apart, with the middle space fortified with packed earth. Within the fort, there is a number of buildings including a royal audience hall. The entire fort area was built on an area of about five acres.
It was reported that the stonemasons were specially brought in from India to rebuild the fort and durable British cannons were installed, notably named the Badak Berendam (the Wallowing Rhinocerous) and the Katak Puru (the Toad) cannons. But in 1821, the fort was attacked and conquered by the Thais nevertheless.
Today, Kota Kuala Kedah is popular for the variety of seafood served by the numerous restaurants in the fishing village. While enjoying the food, one will be able to see six cannons still resting on the crumbling walls, facing the river estuary.
Muzium Negeri (State Museum)
As a state museum, it houses a large collection of Kedah's historical, culture, and royal heritages. The collection includes early Chinese porcelain, artefacts from the archaeological excavations in Lembah Bujang (Bujang Valley) and a fabulous pokok bunga emas or 'gold tree' produced as a tribute to the Thais.
The museum is also a research centre on Kedah's civilisation. Before the present premise was built in 1936, the museum - officially opened by the then Kedah Mentri Besar Tan Sri Tunku Ismail Tunku Yahya (Tunku indera Setia), on February 3, 1957 - was located in the Balai Besar (Grand Hall).
Muzium Padi (Paddy Museum)
It is the first paddy museum in Malaysia, and the fourth to be opened in the world after Japan, Germany and the Philippines.
The unique architecture of the Paddy Museum represents bushels of harvested rice stalks. Rice motifs are repeated throughout the building, on staircase banisters, the museum gates and the fence surrounding it.
The museum showcases the paddy cultivation process in Malaysia and displays all kinds of tools and equipment which have been used in the trade over the years. Through beautiful murals, the art work of 60 artists from North Korea, the history of paddy cultivation in Malaysia is revealed.
It honours the history, culture and significance of paddy farming in Kedah and is dedicated to the hardworking and simple paddy farmers, whose blood, sweat and toil have contributed to the objective of achieving self sufficiency in the rice industry.
Galeria Sultan Abdul Halim
It is former of Alor Setar High Court which transfer to Kompleks Mahkamah Alor Setar in Suka Menanti.This building is located at the junction of the Jalan Putera, adjacent to the Balai Nobat. Initially, this building was the place for the existing Balai Seni.
This building was built on Rabiulawal 1341 Hijrah equivalent to November 1922. Names of those who were responsible for the construction of the building were: HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah (Regent), W. Peel Esq (British Adviser), Major W.R. Sanguinetti, O.B.E.M.C (State Engineer), F.W. Wade Esq. A.I.R.B. (Architect) and H.W. Fofden Esq (Contractor).
Looking at the architectural design it clearly shows that this building has more characteristics of Roman architectural. This can be seen by the design of the columns that are close to one another without regard of spaces for whatever purposes. Various types of carvings are found on the walls. At the top area close to the roof was placed the crest of the State of Kedah.
Street
Pekan Rabu (Wednesday Market)
Main article: Pekan Rabu
Pekan Rabu is located near the government offices in Alor Setar. Although the name literally means “Wednesday Market”, this bustling market is open all week long, thanks to popular demand. Its services extend from morning till night, and you can find many stalls here selling a variety of items from delicious tidbits to beautiful handicraft.
This is a popular spot amongst tourists and locals and is a source of pride for Kedahans. Even former Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Bin Mohamad was once a trader at Pekan Rabu.
Costing a sum of RM3.2mil to build back in 1975, the Pekan Rabu Complex was refurbished in 1995 at a cost of RM6.5mil. A further RM2mil was spent on renovations for phase 2 in 1990. Altogether, there are 347 stalls and the complex has become an important landmark in Kedah.
Muzium Diraja Kedah (Royal Kedah Museum)
This building which originated from the Kota Setar Palace is a wooden building that was built by HRH Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Muazzam Shah, the 19th Sultan of Kedah), who was the founder of Alor Setar town in 1735. This building had undergone demolitions several times due to attacks by the Bugis (1770) and Siamese (1821).
The concrete building was completed during the reign of HRH Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah). His Royal Highness had once stayed in this palace with his queen, Wan Hajar Wan Ismail who was also known as "Mak Wan Besar". Therefore, this palace is also known as the "Mak Wan Besar Palace".
YTM Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra was also born adjacent to this palace (the Pagoda building, which no longer exist today) on 8 February 1903 and once grew up in this palace while his father the late HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid and his mother Mak Che Manjalara resided there.
This palace is also renowned as the "Pelamin Palace" when the space of the palace was extended to as a pavilion and additional rooms when HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah wanted to marry off his five princes and princesses. This grand wedding ceremony lasted for three months in 1904. After 1941, this palace was used as a school and an office for several organizations including the office for the St. John Ambulance and the Scout movements. On 25 July 1983, this palace was declared the "Kedah Royal Museum".
Menara Alor Setar, the start-of-art communication tower
Menara Alor Setar (Alor Setar Tower)
Main article: Menara Alor Setar
Located in the heart of Alor Setar, this tower, standing at 165.5 metres tall is a prominent and modern landmark that signifies the rapid development in the state of Kedah. It functions as both a telecommunications tower and a tourist attraction. The Tower's platform allows visitors to enjoy a breathtaking view, that stretches from Gunung Jerai (formerly known as Kedah Peak) to the Strait of Malacca. From the tower, you will see vast expanses of paddy fields which lies outside of Alor Setar - an amazing view especially during harvest time. It's the second tallest tower in Malaysia and ranked 19th in world.
Wan Mat Saman Canal
Main article: Wan Mat Saman Aqueduct
Wan Mat Saman Aqueduct is the longest aqueduct in Malaysia. It connects Kedah River in Alor Setar to Gurun at the south. This aqueduct was made so that farmers can enables Kedah to boost its rice production and through it, enables Kedah to earn the nick "Malaysia's rice bowl"
Mahathir's Birthplace
Rumah Kelahiran Mahathir which provides an insight into the younger days of the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia, from his school days to his success as a doctor. He was born in Alor Star on Dec 20, 1925 at No 18 Lorong Kilang Ais, off Jalan Pegawai. His home has seen been designated a historical building and was restored by the National Archives in 1992.
Rumah Merdeka (Tunku Abdul Rahman Memorial)
Tunku Abdul Rahman was the first Prime Minister of Malaysia. This house view Tunku's collection and memorial.Now it was restored and owned by National Archives as a historical building
Kedah Royal Mausoleum
Main article: Kedah royal mausoleum
The Kedah royal mausoleum is located in Langgar near the city.
Map of Alor Setar City
Gunung Keriang
Gunung Keriang is a limestone outcrop in the middle of flatland of paddy fields in Alor Setar. It just seem to come out of nowhere with no surrounding hills or other formations. Just 10 minutes drive from downtown Alor Setar.
It is very accessible and part of the hill area have been developed as a recreation area whereby juggle tracking and camping are the most famous activities of its visitors. You can practically drive right to the foot of some climbing routes. Cave explorers would find Gunung Keriang an added adventure that is worth an experience.
Istana Anak Bukit (Anak Bukit Palace)
Istana Anak Bukit main entrance
Istana Anak Bukit also is a birthplace and a resident of Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah, the Sultan of Kedah. Istana Anak Bukit which is Sultan's royal palace also located here, behind the royal palace there is a one stream river which is called Sungai Anak Bukit and it flows through Alor Setar connected by Sungai Kedah (Kedah River) until to the estuary of Kuala Kedah.
Places of Worship
[edit] Wat Nikrodharam
The most imposing and significant Buddhist shrine in the city. It is located at Jalan Teluk Wan Jah, just next to the city's primary roundabout. Its architecture reflects strong Thai elements with minor Chinese motifs. It is also a sanctuary and an oasis in the city centre with trees and shades providing spiritual shelter to Buddhists from the city and abroad. Both Theravada and Mahayana Buddhist traditions are cherished here.
Masjid Zahir (Zahir State Mosque)
This mosque was built in 1912, a contributory effort of YTM Tunku Mahmud Ibni Almarhum Sultan Tajuddin Mukarram Shah. The site of this mosque before it was built was the cemetery of the Kedah warriors who had died while defending Kedah from Siamese (1821). The architecture of the mosque was inspired by the Azizi Mosque in Langkat town, north Sumatera. This mosque is enhanced with five prime large domes symbolizing the five Islamic principles.Its official launching ceremony was held on Friday, 15 October 1915 by the late HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah. Tunku Mahmud read the Friday sermon while HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah led the Friday prayer. At the back of the Zahir Mosque, is the Syariah Court building complex and the Centre for Basic Education for Children.
The Zahir Mosque occupies a site of approximately 124,412 square feet (11,558.3 m2). Its center hall (Prayer Hall) measures 62 x 62 square feet (5.8 m2) and surrounded by verandahs of 8 feet (2.4 m) wide with 4 mezzanine areas of each has a dome. The main dome is located at the north-east of the mosque building. It is one of the grandest and oldest mosques in Malaysia.
St. Michael's Church
The Roman Catholic Christian community can attend mass at churches such as St. Michael which is located at Jalan Langgar near Kolej Sultan Abdul Hamid.
There is also a Sikh Gurdwara also located in Jalan Langgar.
Demographics
Kedahan Malay made up the majority in Alor Setar, followed by Chinese, India, and Thai. Other Malays include Pattani Malays.
Educations
The Kolej Universiti Insaniah Malaysia (KUIN, formerly known as Kolej Insaniah or INSANIAH) is located nearby the state capital. The campus area occupies an entire section of the city known as Mergong.
Al-bukhary International University (UAA) will be the newest private institution of higher learning in this city and located in the Albukhary Mosque complex.
Other institutions of higher learning in Alor Setar include Kolej Poly-Tech MARA Alor Setar also locate in Mergong which owned by Majlis Amanah Rakyat or MARA.Alor Setar is served by many primary and secondary schools.Kolej Tentera Udara (Royal Air Force College) also located in Kepala Batas, Alor Setar.
KANGAR Kangar is the capital of Perlis and the seat of government. It is located in the heart of the country's "rice bowl" area and depending on the season, is surrounded by lush green fields or golden yellow paddy, ripe for harvest. Although new buildings can be seen, Kangar retains much of its old world charm.
A small town, with everything within walking distance, Kangar is not lacking in amenities and facilities. The major landmark of the town is the state mosque, Masjid Alwi.
ARAU The royal town of Arau is located 10 kilometers from Kangar on the Peninsula's main railway route extending northwards into Thailand. Of interest here is the imposing Istana Arau or Royal Palace with its classic architecture and the Royal Mosque.
Arau is the disembarkation point for visitors travelling on the rail route from Kuala Lumpur to Langkawi. From Arau, taxi services are available to Kuala Perils, the take-off point by ferry to Langkawi.
HUTAN LIPUR BUKIT AIR (BUKIT AIR RECREATIONAL PARK) Just a few kilometers north of the Golf Club and the Snake and Reptile Farm is the Bukit Air Recreational Park. Cool streams meander through rich tropical forest and waterfalls cascade into rocky pools. Well defined paths allow easy access through the park where the sights and sounds of tropical rainforest await visitors. An excellent location for picnics, the park also provides a camping ground, car parking facilities and all the basic amenities.
MUSEUM KOTA KAYANG This new museum is situated close to what was historically a fortified area. In fact, the word 'Kota' translates as fort in English. The area is also the burial ground for two 16th century Sultans of Kedah with the remains of a palace surrounded on three sides by limestone outcrops.
The site is marked by two simple mausoleums with gravestones and the remnants of timbers that demarcated the burial sites.
While excavation works were going on during the ground works for the new museum, artifacts from what appear to be the late Neolithic era were found. A bell-mouthed jar of red slip ware, cord marked style, signifying the Ban Kao Neolithic culture of southern Thailand and Malaya was found fairly intact. A similar splayed foot beaker and two excellent polished stone adzes all corresponding to other similar finds in northern Malaya probably date to around 2,000 to 2,500 years in age.
Also found at the same site is what appears to be a die or mould of Indian origin. Other artifacts of Indian origin have been found in the northern regions, especially pottery, and dates back to 2,600 to 2,200 years, corresponding with the finds of the museum site.
KUALA PERLISLocated at the mouth of the Perlis River, the town of Kuala Perlis is the major ferry terminal for visitors departing for the enchanted isles of Langkawi. Themajor activity of Kuala Perlis is fishing and many superb sea food restaurants can be found in this small fishing town.
PADANG BESAR Padang Besar is a bustling border town with a profusion of colours, sights and sounds. It is also a major stopover along the rail route between Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand.
The elongated railway station is manned by Malaysian officials at one end and their Thai counterparts at the other end.
Padang Besar is a bargain hunters' paradise and boasts duty free shops and a variety of produce, souvenirs and artifacts that bear testimony to the rich cultural legacy of the state.
CHUPING The town acquired its name from a limestone hill known locally as Bukit Chuping. The surrounding landscape is characterised by lush green sugar cane plantations covering some 22,000 hectares.
TASIK MELATI (MELATI LAKE) Located just 8 km north of Kangar, this shallow lake provides a respite for boating, picnics and relaxing walks. More than 150 sandbar islands dot the lake and can be reached by rowing boat or sampan. Elevated walkways across the lake provide vantage and rest points.
THE SNAKE AND REPTILE FARM Surrounded by the Bukit Bintang Forest Reserve near Sungai Batu Pahat, 10 kilometers north of Kangar, is the Snake and Reptile Farm. The Snake Farm is a research facility set up to develop serums for snakebites. Housing more than 20 species of snakes as well as crocodiles and monitor lizards, it is the only snake farm in Malaysia. The farm has natural open air enclosures as well as closed exhibits. Handlers will assist the public to take photographs with safe snakes.
PUTRA GOLF CLUB Close to the Snake and Reptile Farm is a challenging par 72, 18-hole golf course. The Putra Golf Club is reputed for its technically difficult and challenging course.
GUA KELAM RECREATIONAL PARK The peaceful town of Kaki Bukit is home to Gua Kelam, literally translated as the 'Dark Caves'. The 370- meter long cave passage is well-lighted and is believed to have been hollowed out from the limestone massif by an underground stream over many eons. A wooden walkway suspended along the entire length of the cave allows visitors to view the magnificent stalagmite and stalagmite formations. The original cave was enlarged in 1935 by a resident Englishman to serve as a route for the transportation of tin ore. It is now a convenient way for local folk travelling on motor cycles to get from Kaki Bukit to the Wan Tangga Valley and vice versa.
TAMAN HERBA (HERB GARDENS) Adjacent to Bukit Air Recreational Park, on 12 hectares of land, are the Herb Gardens. Created in 1998, these gardens now contain over 6,000 species of herb, spice and traditional medicinal plants. Both local and exotic species from other countries are grown and visitors to the gardens can learn their uses and how to care for such plants.
PERLIS STATE PARK Perlis State Park is located along the north-western part of the Thai-Malaysian border. Straddling the Nakawan Range, the longest continuous range of limestone hills in the country, the park consists of the Mata Ayer Forest Reserve and the Wang Mu Forest Reserve comprising a total area of around 5,000 hectares.
The Nakawan Range has rich heavily forested slopes, extensive cave systems, sheer cliff faces and numerous cascading jungle streams.
There is a rich bio-diversity in these limestone based forests with rare species of ginger, ferns and balsams that are found nowhere else. It is also the only place in Malaysia where the Stumped-Tail Macaque is found.
All visitors to the park must register at the Park Visitor Centre. The centre houses an exhibition on the park and audio visual facilities. Those who wish to visit the Wang Burma Cave and Gunung Perlis can book their guides at the centre. Park accommodation facilities are based at Wang Burma, about 1.2 km from the visitor centre.
Various nature trails have been laid out to provide easy access and trail R-15 to Wang Kelian offers a commanding view of the surrounding countryside, including Timah Tasoh Lake and the unique twin peaks of Bukit Chabang.
Wang Kelian houses a popular Sunday market where visitors can cross the Thai-Malaysian border without the use of passports, provided they remain within the market area.
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